By the Rivers of Water

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What to expect

In early November 1834, an aristocratic young couple from Savannah and South Carolina sailed from New York and began a seventeen-year odyssey in West Africa. Leighton and Jane Wilson sailed along what was for them an exotic coastline, visited cities and villages, and sometimes ventured up great rivers and followed ancient paths. Along the way they encountered not only many diverse landscapes, peoples, and cultures but also many individuals on their own odysseys—including Paul Sansay, a former slave from Savannah; Mworeh Mah, a brilliant Grebo leader, and his beautiful daughter, Mary Clealand; and the wise and humorous Toko in Gabon. Leighton and Jane Wilson had freed their inherited slaves and were to become the most influential American missionaries in West Africa during the first half of the nineteenth century. While Jane established schools, Leighton fought the international slave trade and the imperialism of colonization. He translated portions of the Bible into Grebo and Mpongwe and thereby helped to lay the foundation for the emergence of an indigenous African Christianity.

The Wilsons returned to New York because of ill health, but their odyssey was not over. Living in the booming American metropolis, the Wilsons welcomed into their handsome home visitors from around the world as they worked for the rapidly expanding Protestant mission movement. As the Civil War approached, however, they heard the siren voice of their Southern homeland calling from deep within their memories. They sought to resist its seductions, but the call became more insistent and, finally, irresistible. In spite of their years of fighting slavery, they gave themselves to a history and a people committed to maintaining slavery and its deep oppression—both an act of deep love for a place and people and the desertion of a moral vision.

A sweeping transatlantic story of good intentions and bitter consequences, By the Rivers of Water reveals two distant worlds linked by deep faiths.

Critics Review

“A sweeping saga of personal challenges and cultural changes…Brimming with insights about interconnected individuals, peoples, and societies struggling with conscience and dignity to make moral choices amid clashing, if not collapsing, worlds, this work is required reading for anyone interested in a sympathetic understanding of early US missionaries in West Africa, the perils of the US colonization movement, Civil War tensions, or Atlantic world connections.”

Library Journal (starred review)

“An original history that tells the engrossing story of two white
missionaries and their often stormy relations with their mostly black
fellow countrymen, against the background of America descending into
Civil War.”

Publishers Weekly

“Writing from the perspectives of white missionaries and African Americans (enslaved and freed) as well as Africans, historian Clarke offers a complex portrait of the countervailing forces of the nineteenth century as America grappled with the profound contradictions of slavery…Their story is one of ‘good intentions and cruel  consequences, and the enigma of human freedom in the midst of slavery and the contingencies of human life.’”

Booklist

“A sinuously nuanced pursuit of a Southern Christian missionary couple’s conflicted journey from slaveholding Savannah, Georgia, to West Africa…[A] thorough and compelling history of missionary work and the nineteenth-century African American experience both in America and abroad.”

Kirkus Reviews

“Clarke has written a riveting account
of missionaries John and Jane Wilson and their encounters with the
indigenous people of west Africa and with free African Americans seeking
escape from American slavery and racism. And in giving voice to their
beliefs, hopes, and fears, he has created a remarkable window into many
of the central struggles of nineteenth-century America.”

Dan Carter, University of South Carolina, author of Scottsboro: A Tragedy of the American South

“This is Atlantic history at its best. The missionary travels of John
Leighton and Jane Wilson open a window onto one of the major
contradictions in the nineteenth-century Atlantic world, where slave
ships from Africa crossed paths with ships carrying freed American
slaves back to Africa. Such contradictions were reflected in the
internal struggles of John Leighton Wilson himself, who freed his own
slaves in Georgia and fought a twenty-year battle against the slave
traders on the coast of Africa, but still found his loyalties strangely
torn by the American Civil War.”

Robert Harms, Yale University, author of The Diligent: Worlds of the Slave Trade

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