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The Fox, the Shrew, and You

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What to expect

A leading neuroscientist describes the long evolutionary process that led to the human brain.

Our human brain is both unique and similar to that of other species. The only way we can trace its evolution is by comparing it to the brains of animals alive today. In this book, leading neuroscientist Rogier Mars offers an engaging account of the evolution of the brain by exploring the brains and cognitive capacities of animals from the humble sea squirt to the socially minded fox and the tiny shrew.

By examining the challenges that different animals and their ancestors faced, Mars shows that we can understand what drove the evolution of their brains. Early vertebrates became predators of the sea; mammals evolved a complex neocortex to deal with foraging for high-energy food; and social primates adapted to contend with a fast-changing environment in which groups of individuals team up to get food. Over the course of a long evolutionary road, the ancestors of present-day animals and their descendants continually adapted to challenges, modifying their brains again and again. For us humans, this process gradually led to a brain that is capable of so much, from inventing language to traveling into space.

Mars leads listeners across eras and species, showing us how we resemble our animal cousins, how we differ from them, and how animals in one branch of the evolutionary tree did the hard evolutionary work of becoming human.

Critics Review

“Life is complicated. That’s why we have brains, the most complex thing in the world. Here, elegantly and eruditely told, is the story of how ours came to be. This is the only book you need to read on the topic.”

Robin Dunbar, author of Friends: Understanding the Power of Our Most Important Relationships 

“Rogier Mars brings the story of brain evolution to life, from the earliest animals to the rise of modern humans. Free of hype and rich in clarity, this book blends scholarship, storytelling, and personal insight to offer an ideal introduction to the biological roots of cognition—for students, scientists, and general readers alike.”

Chet C. Sherwood, George Washington University

“This book presents a broadly accessible account of the evolutionary changes that led to modern human brains and cognition, beginning with neural systems for active foraging and ending with circuits for managing social complexities, including language. I learned a lot from this book and found it a joy to read!”

Georg F. Striedter, coauthor of Brains Through Time: A Natural History of Vertebrates 

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